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古典家具风格介绍
发布日期:2010/9/30 13:59:58  浏览:8087 次

一、   文艺复兴风格

   所谓的文艺复兴开始于14世纪的意大利。15—16世纪时进入繁盛时期,又在欧洲各国逐步形成各自独特的样式。意大利文艺复兴时期的家具多不露结构部件,而强调表面雕饰,多运用细密描绘的手法,具有丰裕华丽的效果。
法国文艺复兴时期的室内和家具木雕饰技艺精湛为其主要的装饰手法。英国的文艺复兴样式似可见哥特样式的特征,但随着住宅建筑的快速发展,室内工艺占据了主要位置。
The so-called High Renaissance began Italy in the 14th century, turned into blooming peak in 15th-16th century, and evolved into unique style in various European countries respectively. The Italian Renaissant furniture exposes mostly no structural components, while pays attention to the surface carving and decoration. It uses greatly means of detailed description, hence of rich and magnificent effects.
The French Renaissant interior and furniture uses the exquisite woodcarving and decoration as major means. The England Renaissant style seems of Gothic feature, while along with the swift development of residential architecture, interior crafts occupies the major place.
 
二、   巴洛克风格
所谓巴洛克时期,发源于17世纪20年代的意大利绘画、雕塑和建筑、家具,还有对青花瓷特别的需求。以后该种风格传遍了整个欧洲,不仅一些著名的艺术大师参与其中,还有许多新教徒手工艺人。
巴洛克风格占主导地位的母题包括古典叶纹装饰、山楣、垂花幔纹、面具、狮爪式器足、包嵌的银片嵌花纹饰、中国风样式以及精工雕铸的人像装饰。
巴洛克风格使用各种奢侈昂贵的材料,包括半宝石拼嵌、细木镶嵌、用天鹅绒作为家具的蒙面。造型重拙,富有雕塑感,经常采用弧曲的线条,或呈球茎状,但是装饰纹样却规范对称。
The so-called Baroque originated from Italian painting, sculpture, architecture and furniture in 1720’s and also the special demands of blue and white porcelain. Such style goes throughout the whole Europe later, not only some famous artistic masters involved, but also many Protestant handicraftsmen. 
     The parent theme leading in Baroque includes classical foiling, mountain-shape lintel, tassel curtain, mask, Queen Anne leg, embedded silver appliqué, Chinese style and fine carving and casting of portraits.
     The Baroque style makes use of various expensive and luxury materials, including: semi-gem inlay, intarsia, and covering of furniture with velvet at massive and clumsy styling, full of the feeling of sculpture, and introduces frequently arcs and curves or shape of corm, while in standardized and symmetric pattern. 
 
三、   洛可可风格
洛可可风格出现于18世纪早期的法国,是对巴洛克经典风格过分的规范感和沉重感的一种反潮流,由路易十四统治下的让贝兰等设计师开创。虽然这种风格从18世纪30年代开始风行欧洲,但是美洲殖民地却少有影响。到了现代,这种风格却成为不少艺术家的创作灵感来源之一。
洛可可风格大量运用玲珑起伏的及不对称的形式, 特别是C形和S形涡卷纹的复杂精巧结合。洛可可风格主要母题包括贝壳式形状、写实性花朵和叶簇、奇相图案和中国式纹样。洛可可风格主题性形象包括戏剧人物和田园人物,以及四季风光和四季的拟人化形象。偏爱明亮色彩(经常是浅淡色彩)、轻巧的木材和涂金效果。
The Rococo style appeared France in early 18th century, being a countertrend against the excessive standard and massive style of Baroque, and initiated by Ran Belan etc. designers under the rein of Louis XIV. Even though such style was popular in Europe from 1830’s on, while the American colony was seldom under its influence. Till modern times, such style yet becomes one of creative inspirations for respectable artists.
The Rococo style uses abundantly exquisitely undulate and asymmetrical pattern, especially the sophisticated ingenious combination of C-shape and S-shape swirl crotch figures. The main parent theme of Rococo style includes conchoids, realism flowerage and foliage, quixotic pattern and Chinese style. The theme image of Rococo style includes dramatic and pastoral characters, the scenery of four seasons and personated images of four seasons. It prefers bright colors (usually light and tint colors), light and handy wood, and gold-gilding effects.
 
四、   新古典主义风格
18世纪50年代开始发展,出于对洛可可风格轻快和感伤特性的一种反抗,也有对古代罗马城考古挖掘的再现,体现出人们对古代希腊罗马艺术的兴趣。这一风格的杰出倡导是英国建筑师和设计师罗伯特亚当。到了18世纪90年代以后,这一风格变得更加单纯和朴素庄重。这就所谓的“新古典主义时期”。
新古典主义时期,特有母题包括缠索纹、卵箭式线脚、花束、奇相图案和花束垂环。新古典主义时期,造型简单质朴,包括希腊古尊、三角祭坛、古瓶形式,在使用装饰时又很节制,表现形象以神话题材为主。新古典主义时期,颜色搭配沉暗、素淡,惟一例外的是采用伊特鲁里亚风格的红、黑、白搭配方法。
This style began to take on in the 1850s. It was in defiance of the brisk and sentimental Rococo style, as well as a revelation of archaeological excavation of the ancient Roman city, embodying people’s interest for ancient Greek and Roman art. Robert Adam, British architect and designer was the salient proponent of the style. By 1890s and thereafter, this style became even simple, plain and solemn, and this is the so-called Neo-classicism.
The Neoclassicism period features rope twined vein, egg and arrow pattern stitching, bouquet, quixotic pattern and bouquet hanging garland, etc. The Neoclassicism period features simple and plain shape, including Greek ancient urn, triangle sacrifice platform, ancient vase, etc., while at the same time is very restraint in employing decoration, and the imager renderings are mainly themed with theology. In neoclassicism period, the arrangement of color was deep and dark, plain and tint, with the only exceptional method of arranging red, black and white of Etruscan style.
 
五、   维多利亚风格
1880年后,家具由机器制作,采用了新材料和新技术,如金属管材、铸铁、弯曲木、层压木板。椅子装有螺旋弹簧。它是19世纪混乱风格的代表。图案花纹包括古典、洛可可、哥特式、文艺复兴、东方的土耳其等,十分混杂。这就是所谓的“维多利亚时期”。
   维多利亚女王统治时期,工业成长,中产阶级不断扩大,商品规模化生产。社会风气以舒适和自我炫耀为能事,人们对豪华的软垫式家具趋之若骛。在造型上一般都体积大、饱满,装饰不拘一格。维多利亚时期,从各种复古风格中衍生的母题,如罗可可式涡卷纹、哥特式尖塔纹以及文艺复兴式盘绦纹等,常常被结合在一起。使用各种新工业技术,如若层压合的胶木和电镀法。装饰中描绘走兽、飞禽、花卉和果实,特别是在为观赏而做的大尺寸的家具上,这种描绘尤多。
    After 1880, furniture was fabricated with machinery, using new materials and new technologies, i.e. metal piping, cast iron, bending wood, laminated wood board. Chairs were available with spiral springs. It is representative of the mixed style in 19th century. The pattern includes classical, Rococo, Gothic, Renaissant and oriental Turkey, etc. extremely intermixed. This is the so-called Victoria period.
During the period under the rein of Queen Victoria, the industry grew, the middle class kept expanding, and commodities came into big-scale production. The society upheld particularly comfort and self-display, people scrambled for luxury cushion furniture, which were generally big in volume and plump in styling with decoration not sticking to one pattern. In Victoria period, parent themes derived from various back-to-the-ancients styles, i.e. Rococo swirl crotch figure, Gothic shikara and Renaissant spiral silk braid were combined together frequently. Various new industrial technologies, i.e. laminated bakelites and galvanization was employed. Beasts, fowls, flowery and fruits were described in decoration, especially abundant on big-size furniture intended for ornamentation.
 
六、   意大利风格
意大利家具设计多韵含着豪奢的贵气,曲线曲面的运用富于动态感,表面的涂金装饰显现着皇家风范,象征着财富和能力。
The Italian furniture usually designs in the charming of luxurious nobility with curves and cambers full of moving feeling, and the oil gilding ornament on the surface manifesting the royal demeanor, symbolizing wealth and capability.
 
七、   西班牙风格
西班牙古典家具精雕细琢,透着一种浪漫神秘的色彩,细部雕刻以纯手工制作为特色,由于受哥特式建筑的影响,家具上火焰式哥特花格的浮雕非常普遍。这款宫廷家具如同西班牙的历史一样,融合了文化与艺术风格,巴洛克式富丽堂皇的雕刻巧妙的重复,伊斯兰风格的精巧镶嵌连贯起伏。
The Spanish classical furniture is fabricated with care and precision of a sculptor, unveiling the mysterious romantic tinct with sculpture details feature of pure handcrafts. As influenced by the Gothic architecture, their furniture is quite popular with the embossment of flamboyant Gothic. Such model of Palace Furniture is just like the history of Spain, compromising the style of culture and art, the artful reiteration of magnificent Baroque sculpture, the coherent undulation of ingenious tessellation in Islamic style.
 
八、   伦勃朗家具风格
据悉,欧洲古典家具的发展经历了5个主要阶段。这5个阶段也对应了5个最繁荣、最具代表性的文化发展时期,至今在“伦勃朗”欧式古典家具上,我们依然可以追寻到不同时期文化的影子。同中式古典家具是中国古典文化的一个再现一样,欧洲古典家具也都打上了鲜明的时代烙印,成为历史的见证。伦勃朗家具以欧洲历史文化为背景,将艺术与家具、古典与时尚、生活与空间演绎得淋漓尽致、完美无瑕。将文化艺术的中心从宫殿移向民众,以及在对古希腊文化、古罗马文化再认识的基础上,具有使古典样式再生和充实的意义。
来自意大利的设计灵感,延续文艺复兴时期的精华,融会巴洛克风格的瑰丽奢华、洛可可风格的优雅流畅以及新古典的典雅清新。将生活艺术设计及生活本身需要密切结合,将优美的艺术造型与功能的舒适效果巧妙结合,将设计推向极致。
造型优美典雅色泽柔和自然,源于古典的意大利设计理念,顺应“整体家居”的趋势性概念。 特别表现古典的一些典型细节,如弧形、涡状装饰等,从而彰显出欧洲贵族的至尊生活品质。伦勃朗家具,注重家居氛围的营造,强调饰品与家居环境搭配的每一个细节,突出灯具、地毯、油画、饰品在室内设计中的整体性和唯一性,以小见大,以拙见精。
最优美成熟的风格,其最大特点在于耐看,耐用,犹如您家中的贵重珠宝,可以代代流传……
It is reported that the classical furniture in Europe witnessed five key stages of development, corresponding to the most prosperous and most representative five periods of culture development, we can still track down the shadow of culture in different periods on the Rembrandt European classical furniture till now. The European classical furniture is, just like the Chinese classical furniture reappears the Chinese classical culture, branded vividly its age, becoming testimony of the history. The Rembrandt Furniture demonstrates thoroughly art and furniture, classic and fashion, and life and space in perfect under the background of European history and culture. Shifts the focus of culture and art from palace to mass, and on the basis of recognizing ancient Greek culture and ancient Rome culture, hence of the meaning reviving and enriching the classical style.
Inspired from Italian design, Rembrandt Furniture is an extension of the essence of the Renaissance, having combined magnificence and sumptuousness of Baroque style, elegance and smoothness of Rococo style as well as the freshness and elegance of Neoclassicism. Rembrandt Furniture realizes combination of artistic design and life need, as well as smart combination of artistic modeling and comfortableness, bringing out furniture design to the extremity.
The graceful and elegant styling, the soft and natural color and luster, the Italian design idea originating from classic, and the trend concept conforming to the Integrated Home Products. Exhibits especially some typical classical details, i.e. arc and swirl decorations, etc., hence demonstrates evidently the honorable life quality of European noble. The Rembrandt Furniture pays attention to atmosphere at home, emphasizes every detail of coordination between ornaments and home environment, give prominence to the integrity and exclusiveness of lamps and lanterns, carpet, oil paintings and ornaments in the interior decoration, revealing major from minor, unveiling extractive from clumsy.
The most elegant and mellow style, it features the most its stand of careful appreciation and durability, just like precious jewelry in your family, can be handed down from generation to generation…
 
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